Vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of rare disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels.

This inflammation can affect arteries, veins, and capillaries, leading to changes in their walls such as thickening, weakening, narrowing, or scarring. These changes may restrict blood flow, resulting in damage to organs and tissues.

You may have symptoms of pain and inflammation in your:

What Are the Signs/Symptoms?

Symptoms of vasculitis can vary depending on the type, severity, and organs involved. Common signs include:

• Fever, fatigue, and weight loss

• Muscle and joint pain

• Skin rashes or sores

• Numbness or weakness (nerve involvement)

• Shortness of breath (lung involvement)

• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or blood in stool (gastrointestinal involvement)

• Vision problems or headaches (associated with large vessel vasculitis)

What Are Common Treatments?

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. It may involve:

• Corticosteroids: Prednisone is commonly used to control inflammation.

• Immunosuppressive drugs: Methotrexate, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide for severe cases.

• Biologic agents: Rituximab or tocilizumab for specific types.

• Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): For severe cases involving the kidneys or lungs.

Lifestyle adjustments, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, can support treatment and overall health.