Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands.

This condition primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal (tear) glands, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth and dry eyes. Sjögren’s can occur on its own (primary Sjögren’s) or in conjunction with another autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (secondary Sjögren’s).

What Are the Signs/Symptoms?

The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren’s Syndrome are:

• Dry eyes: A gritty, burning sensation in the eyes or a feeling of something being stuck.

• Dry mouth: Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or tasting due to decreased saliva production.

Additional symptoms can include:

• Swollen salivary glands (particularly under the jawline and in front of the ears)

• Joint pain or swelling

• Chronic fatigue

• Dry skin

• Persistent cough

• Vaginal dryness

• Neuropathy or tingling sensations in extremities

What Are Common Treatments?

There is no cure for Sjögren’s Syndrome, but treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications:

• Dry eyes: Artificial tears, prescription eye drops (e.g., cyclosporine), or punctal plugs.

• Dry mouth: Sugar-free gum or lozenges, saliva substitutes, or medications that stimulate saliva production (e.g., pilocarpine).

• Systemic symptoms: Immunosuppressive drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine or methotrexate, for joint pain and inflammation.

• Lifestyle changes: Staying hydrated, using humidifiers, and avoiding triggers like caffeine and alcohol.